Pentheo denotes grieving in response to loss, sin, coming deprivation, or calamity.

The verb consistently marks active grief: people are described as grieving and weeping after loss, over sin, in anticipated deprivation, and amid the ruin that ends commercial wealth. Its forms occur both in calls or expectations to grieve and in descriptions of those already grieving.

1. Grieving in sorrowful response · dominant

   The present participles describe identifiable groups already grieving: in Matthew 5:4 the APB renders those who will be comforted as those who “mourn,” and in Mark 16:10 it describes those with him as “mourning and weeping.” In 1 Corinthians 5:2 and James 4:9, aorist active forms call for grief in place of pride or laughter; Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, and Revelation 18:19 portray traders grieving as the city and its wealth are ruined.

   Matthew 5:4Mark 16:101 Corinthians 5:2James 4:9Revelation 18:11Revelation 18:19

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB regularly uses “mourn” or “mourning,” often alongside “weep” or “weeping.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, those English pairings confirm the clauses’ grief setting without assigning every English term to this verb.