kato marks what is lower in place or movement, and in one contrast identifies those “from below.”

The attested uses chiefly mark downward movement or extension from a higher point to a lower one; they also locate persons or earth in a lower position, and John 8:23 uses the above/below contrast for differing origin or sphere.

1. Downward movement or extension · dominant

   The adverb marks motion or extent toward a lower point: in Luke 4:9 the APB renders the command to throw oneself “down from here,” and in Acts 20:9 it describes Eutychus falling from the third story to the ground. In Matthew 4:6 the APB has “throw yourself under,” while Matthew 27:51 and Mark 15:38 render the veil as torn “from top to bottom.”

   Luke 4:9Acts 20:9Matthew 4:6Matthew 27:51Mark 15:38
2. Lower physical location · common

   In Acts 2:19 the adverb occurs in the heaven/earth contrast, where the APB renders signs on “the earth below.” In Mark 14:66 it situates Peter in the courtyard as “below.”

   Acts 2:19Mark 14:66
3. The lower side of an above/below contrast · rare

   In John 8:23 the adverb stands against “from above”; the APB renders the contrast, “You are from below; I am from above,” and then distinguishes “this world” from not being of it.

   John 8:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB presents the lower relation with expressions such as “below,” “down from here,” “under,” and “from top to bottom.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation text, those variations show the clauses’ presentation rather than fixed English equivalents for the adverb.