Thumiama denotes incense associated with altar offerings, prayers, and a listed trade good.

The attested use is chiefly incense in altar-centered scenes: it occurs at an offering hour, by an altar, in golden bowls, and with prayers rising before God. A further occurrence places plural items of this kind within a list of goods.

1. Incense in altar and prayer scenes · dominant

   The genitive singular occurs with the hour of an offering and an altar in Luke 1:10 and Luke 1:11. In Revelation 5:8, Revelation 8:3, and Revelation 8:4, plural forms occur in clauses about golden bowls, an angel at the altar, and smoke ascending with the prayers of the holy ones; in Revelation 8:4 the APB renders the clause "the smoke of the incense with the prayers of the holy ones ascended."

   Luke 1:10Luke 1:11Revelation 5:8Revelation 8:3Revelation 8:4
2. Incense among listed goods · rare

   The accusative plural appears in a sequence of commodities alongside cinnamon, ointment, wine, oil, grain, animals, and other goods in Revelation 18:13. The APB renders this item within the list as "incense."

   Revelation 18:13

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the occurrences, the APB presents the term with "incense," including the offering hour, altar, bowls, smoke, and the commodity list. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings confirm the verse contexts without isolating every grammatical contribution of the Greek forms.