aphron describes someone judged as lacking understanding, whether rebuked directly, taught, or spoken of self-critically.

The term consistently identifies a person as lacking understanding or sound judgment: it is used in direct rebuke, in instruction directed toward such people, and in a speaker’s self-description or proposed self-presentation.

1. A person lacking understanding or judgment · dominant

   In 1 Corinthians 15:36, the vocative singular addresses a person before correcting the claim about what is sown and made alive. In Luke 11:40 and Luke 12:20, vocative forms introduce rebukes: the APB renders them “Foolish ones” and “Fool!” before questions or pronouncements. In 2 Corinthians 11:16 and 2 Corinthians 12:6, the singular form is used in discussion of being thought foolish or of boasting; Ephesians 5:17 contrasts such people with understanding the Lord’s will.

   1 Corinthians 15:36Luke 11:40Luke 12:202 Corinthians 11:162 Corinthians 12:6Ephesians 5:17

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with “foolish,” including “foolish person,” “Foolish ones,” and “foolish humans”; Luke 12:20 has “Fool!” These are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.