amen marks solemn affirmation, introducing emphatic sayings or closing statements of praise, blessing, and thanksgiving.

As a particle, it marks affirmation in speech: it can stand before a solemn saying, often doubled in the cited sayings of Jesus, and it can conclude praise, blessing, or thanksgiving; it also appears as the response expected after another person's thanksgiving.

1. Particle marking solemn affirmation · dominant

   All cited forms are tagged Particle. Before declarations, the doubled form introduces solemn statements; in John 3:3 the APB renders the opening “Truly, truly, I say to you” before the statement about seeing the kingdom, and in John 13:38 it introduces the prediction of Peter’s denial. At the close of statements, it follows praise or blessing in 1 Peter 4:11 and Galatians 6:18; in 1 Corinthians 14:16, the APB explicitly describes someone saying it after another person’s thanksgiving.

   John 3:3John 13:381 Peter 4:11Galatians 6:181 Corinthians 14:162 Corinthians 1:20

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB variously presents the particle as “Truly” or “Truly, truly” before sayings and as “Amen” at the end of praise, blessing, or thanksgiving. In 1 Corinthians 14:16 it also retains “the Amen” as a spoken response; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.