Firmament
Canonical biblical theme

Hardening

Biblical Theology Themes

Hardening language occurs in passages concerning Sihon, a stiff-necked people, and hearts hardened for battle.

The Bible speaks of hardening in passages that describe the LORD hardening Sihon’s spirit and strengthening his heart, a people being called stiff-necked, and the LORD hardening hearts to meet Israel in battle. The word or idea recurs in at least 3 verses across 2 books and 3 episodes. In Deuteronomy 2:30, Sihon king of Heshbon refuses passage, and the text attributes the hardening of his spirit and strengthening of his heart to the LORD. Deuteronomy 9:13 calls the people stiff-necked. Joshua 11:20 says the LORD hardened hearts to meet Israel in battle.

3
Verses
2
Books

Key verses

Across Scripture

Deuteronomy · Joshua