sha.sah describes seizing goods or people as spoil, whether by attackers or in the condition of those despoiled.

The occurrences depict the taking of possessions or people as spoil: active forms name raiders and their seizure of threshing floors, stores, an inheritance, or a treasury, while a passive form describes a people left plundered. The same pattern includes rescue from such attackers and the dispersal of a people given up among the nations.

1. Taking spoil and those who seize it · dominant

   Active participles identify attackers in 1 Samuel 23:1, where the APB renders the Philistines as plundering the threshing floors, and in Judges 2:14, where Israel is given into the hands of plunderers. The first-person perfect in Isaiah 10:13 is placed beside the speaker's claim to have removed borders and taken stores, while Hosea 13:15 describes the coming force taking the treasury of desirable vessels. The passive participle in Isaiah 42:22 presents the inverse result: a people rendered plundered, with no rescuer.

   1 Samuel 23:1Judges 2:14Isaiah 10:13Hosea 13:15Isaiah 42:22Jeremiah 50:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the active forms through “plunderers” and actions such as “plundering” or “plundered,” while Isaiah 42:22 uses “plundered” for the passive condition. Psalm 44:11 instead renders the verse's outcome as being given up for food and scattered; Its precise correspondence to the form there is unclear.