shal.lit denotes a ruling position or authority, applied to kings, God’s rule, and an imposed authority.

The occurrences present shal.lit in the sphere of rule and governing authority: it describes rulers and kings in positions of dominion, God’s rule over the human kingdom, and authority connected with imposing a levy.

1. Ruling status and governing authority · dominant

   The singular form occurs where a great king or ruler is mentioned in Daniel 2:10, while the plural form describes strong kings ruling over Jerusalem in Ezra 4:20. In Daniel 5:21 the APB renders the clause that the Most High God “rules over the kingdom of men,” and in Daniel 5:29 it reports Daniel’s proclamation as “third ruler in the kingdom.”

   Daniel 2:10Daniel 5:21Daniel 5:29Ezra 4:20Ezra 7:24

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the surrounding clauses with such expressions as “ruler,” “rules over,” “ruling over,” and “authority.” These renderings show the verses’ governing context rather than assigning a separate English equivalent in every occurrence.