to sign
re.sham denotes marking a written document, whether an inscription is made or a king confirms a writing.
The attested use centers on marking or confirming a written document: Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:10, Daniel 6:13, and Daniel 6:14 place the verb with the king's writing and interdict, while Daniel 5:24 and Daniel 5:25 describe a writing as inscribed. Daniel 6:11 also uses the passive form in the setting of the writing already mentioned.
Senses in use
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Marking or confirming a written decree · dominant
In Daniel 6:9 the Qal imperfect occurs as King Darius acts with “the writing and the interdict.” The Qal perfect forms in Daniel 6:10, Daniel 6:13, and Daniel 6:14 refer back to that writing as something the king had signed; in Daniel 6:13 the APB renders the clause “the interdict that you signed.”
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An inscription made on a writing · common
In Daniel 5:24 the Qal passive perfect is used in the clause concerning “this writing,” which the APB renders as “was inscribed.” Daniel 5:25 repeats the passive form before the displayed writing, and Daniel 6:11 uses the same passive perfect form in the context of the previously mentioned writing.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the passive forms in Daniel 5:24 and Daniel 5:25 as “was inscribed” and presents the decree-related clauses in Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:10, and Daniel 6:13 with “signed.” Because it is a whole-verse translation, these renderings show the clauses' presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent.