rum denotes raising or exalting, whether a person’s status, a heart, or oneself before the Lord.

The attested uses describe exaltation or being lifted up: a ruler exalts whom he wishes, a heart becomes lifted up in arrogance, and a person exalts himself against the Lord; Daniel 4:34 also places the participial form within blessing, praising, and honoring the Most High.

1. Exalting or lifting up · dominant

   In Daniel 5:19, the participial form occurs in the ruler’s sequence of actions: the APB renders, “He killed whom he wished, struck whom he wished, exalted whom he wished, and brought low whom he wished.” In Daniel 5:20, the Qal perfect describes a heart being “lifted up” as the spirit became arrogant, while Daniel 5:23 uses a Hithpolel perfect in the charge, “You have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven.” Daniel 4:34 has a Polel active participle in a clause where Nebuchadnezzar blesses, praises, and honors the Most High.

   Daniel 4:34Daniel 5:19Daniel 5:20Daniel 5:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the forms with “exalted” and “lifted up” in Daniel 5:19, Daniel 5:20, and Daniel 5:23. In Daniel 4:34 it places the form within Nebuchadnezzar’s blessing, praise, and honor of the Most High.