ra.gan denotes voicing complaint, whether in tents against the LORD or among those called to accept instruction.

The attested use is a voiced complaint: in Deuteronomy 1:27 and Psalm 106:25 it occurs in statements made in tents, while Isaiah 29:24 places those who do so alongside people who will accept instruction.

1. Voicing complaint · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 1:27, the Niphal sequential imperfect occurs with a complaint in the tents that the LORD brought the people out of Egypt to hand them over to the Amorite; the APB renders the clause "you grumbled in your tents." Psalm 106:25 likewise has a Niphal sequential imperfect in the tents and follows it with refusal to listen to the LORD's voice, while Isaiah 29:24 uses a Qal active participle for people who will accept instruction; the APB renders each occurrence with "grumbled" or "grumble."

   Deuteronomy 1:27Psalm 106:25Isaiah 29:24

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents all three clauses with forms of "grumble." This rendering confirms the verses' presentation rather than isolating every feature of the Hebrew term.