tsur denotes hostile action against others, whether forbidden toward neighboring peoples or directed against enemies and attackers.

The attested use describes hostile action toward another party: Israel is told not to initiate it against Moab and Ammon, while the same term is used of opposition to enemies and of forces attacking the Jews.

1. Hostile action against another party · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 2:9 and Deuteronomy 2:19, Qal jussive forms occur in commands not to act this way toward Moab and the Ammonites; the APB renders the clauses "provoke them to war" and "provoke them." In Exodus 23:22, a Qal sequential perfect form occurs in the promise concerning Israel's enemies, while Esther 8:11 uses a Qal active participle for forces that might attack the Jews; the APB presents hostile opposition or attack in both clauses.

   Deuteronomy 2:9Deuteronomy 2:19Exodus 23:22Esther 8:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB varies its presentation across the clauses, using "provoke," "harass," "oppose," and "attack." These render the surrounding clauses rather than establishing separate meanings.