na.qa describes a soul’s estrangement from persons whom it had rejected or hated.

Across the supplied verses, na.qa marks the soul’s estrangement from particular people: from a sister in Ezekiel 23:18 and from lovers who become opponents in Ezekiel 23:22 and Ezekiel 23:28.

1. Soul estranged from particular persons · dominant

   The same Qal perfect feminine singular form occurs in clauses about a soul’s separation from people. In Ezekiel 23:18 the APB renders the clause “my soul had been alienated from her sister”; in Ezekiel 23:22 and Ezekiel 23:28 it describes those from whom the soul was alienated, with Ezekiel 23:28 also placing them among those whom she hated.

   Ezekiel 23:18Ezekiel 23:22Ezekiel 23:28

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the relevant clauses with “alienated” in all three verses. This rendering confirms the clauses’ overall portrayal of estrangement rather than isolating an English equivalent for the form.