ka.chash denotes falsehood or deceit, whether multiplied in conduct, used to please rulers, or charged against a person.

The attested use denotes falsehood or deceit in settings of corrupt action and accusation: Hosea links it with injustice, violence, and pleasing rulers, while Nahum places it among the marks of a bloodstained city. Job uses the singular in a personal statement, though the translation does not make the term's precise contribution fully clear.

1. Falsehood and deceit in corrupt conduct · dominant

   In Hosea 10:13 the singular occurs in the clause about eating the fruit of wrongdoing; the APB renders the verse with “the fruit of a lie.” Hosea 12:1 places the singular alongside violence as Ephraim multiplies such conduct, while Hosea 7:3 uses the plural in the rulers' being made glad in their lies. In Nahum 3:1 the singular describes what fills the city together with plunder; Job 16:8 uses the singular in Job's personal complaint, rendered “my lie,” but the translation leaves its precise clause-level force less certain.

   Hosea 10:13Hosea 12:1Hosea 7:3Nahum 3:1Job 16:8

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses “lie” or “lies” in Hosea 10:13, Hosea 12:1, Hosea 7:3, Nahum 3:1, and Job 16:8. Psalm 59:13 does not visibly reflect the term in its English wording, so the translation cannot isolate its contribution there.