cha.val denotes taking or holding a person’s property as security, often with garments, animals, or necessities at stake.

The attested use concerns taking or holding property as security: garments, a millstone, an ox, and other possessions are treated as pledged items. Several clauses portray such taking as prohibited or wrongful, while Proverbs gives instructions involving a garment held as security.

1. Taking or holding property as security · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 24:6, two Qal imperfect forms occur in the prohibition against taking a millstone or upper millstone, since the APB renders the result as taking “a life in pledge.” In Job 24:3 and Job 24:9, Qal imperfect plural forms occur in scenes where a widow’s ox is taken and pledges are exacted from the afflicted; Amos 2:8 has a Qal passive participle describing garments already taken in pledge. In Proverbs 20:16 and Proverbs 27:13, the Qal imperative appears in instructions to take or hold a garment in connection with security for a stranger or outsider.

   Deuteronomy 24:6Job 24:3Job 24:9Amos 2:8Proverbs 20:16Proverbs 27:13

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the clauses with wording such as “take... in pledge,” “taken in pledge,” “exact pledges,” and “hold it in pledge.” These variations show the verse-level presentation rather than separate lexical senses.