zu.a describes trembling, whether experienced by people, withheld before another person, or attributed to those who tremble.

The attested use describes trembling in varied clauses: housekeepers tremble, Mordecai does not tremble before Haman, and plural tremblers are said to awaken.

1. Trembling or refusing to tremble · dominant

   In Ecclesiastes 12:3, the Qal imperfect plural occurs in the clause about “the keepers of the house” as the APB renders them trembling. In Esther 5:9, the Qal perfect singular stands in the statement that Mordecai neither rose nor trembled from Haman; in Habakkuk 2:7, an active participle plural is presented by the APB as “your tremblers” who awaken.

   Ecclesiastes 12:3Esther 5:9Habakkuk 2:7

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “tremble” for the clauses in Ecclesiastes 12:3 and Esther 5:9, and “tremblers” in Habakkuk 2:7. These renderings confirm the verse-level presentation rather than fixing a separate nuance for each form.