esh.kol names a valley or torrent reached by Israel’s scouts and also a man associated with Abram.

The attested use most often identifies a geographic location, called a valley or torrent, reached by scouts and associated with a cut cluster of grapes. In two Genesis verses, it identifies a man named alongside Aner and Mamre in connection with Abram.

1. Geographic name for a valley or torrent · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 1:24 and Numbers 32:9, the proper noun marks the torrent as far as the scouts went before examining the land. In Numbers 13:23 and Numbers 13:24, it names the valley where they cut a grape cluster and where the place is said to have received its name.

   Deuteronomy 1:24Numbers 13:23Numbers 13:24Numbers 32:9
2. Personal name among Abram’s associates · common

   In Genesis 14:13, the proper noun identifies the brother of Mamre and Aner, who are described in the verse as covenant partners with Abram. In Genesis 14:24, it occurs in the list of men who went with Abram and are to take their portion.

   Genesis 14:13Genesis 14:24

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the proper name in geographic phrases as “the torrent of Eshcol” and “the valley of Eshcol,” while Genesis 14:13 and Genesis 14:24 use it in lists of men. These English phrases show the clauses’ presentation rather than a separate translation for every token.