ar.pad is a proper place-name, named with Hamath in taunts, comparisons, and reports of distress.

The term is used consistently as a proper place-name: it is paired with Hamath in questions about gods and kings, set in comparison with Hamath, and included among places hearing bad tidings.

1. Proper place-name in royal and regional statements · dominant

   In 2 Kings 18:34 and Isaiah 36:19, the proper noun occurs with Hamath in the question, “Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad?” In 2 Kings 19:13 and Isaiah 37:13, the APB places it in the question about “the king of Arpad”; Isaiah 10:9 compares Hamath with Arpad, while Jeremiah 49:23 names Hamath and Arpad as hearing bad tidings.

   2 Kings 18:342 Kings 19:13Isaiah 10:9Isaiah 36:19Isaiah 37:13Jeremiah 49:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term as “Arpad” throughout the supplied verses. It occurs in questions concerning gods and kings, in a comparison with Hamath, and in Jeremiah 49:23 alongside Hamath.