um.nam marks an assertion or question as emphatic or assured in the verses where it appears.

The attested adverb marks emphasis or assurance in both assertions and questions: it introduces the Psalm’s charge of injustice and sharpens questions about childbirth, reward, and God’s dwelling.

1. Emphatic assertion · dominant

   In Psalm 58:2, the adverb stands at the opening of the charge that injustice is worked in the heart and violence weighed out with the hands; the APB renders the opening “Indeed.”

   Psalm 58:2
2. Emphatic questioning · common

   In Genesis 18:13 it occurs in Sarah’s question about bearing a child in old age; in Numbers 22:37 it occurs in Balak’s question about being able to reward Balaam. In 1 Kings 8:27 and 2 Chronicles 6:18, it introduces the question whether God dwells on earth, followed by the statement that even heaven cannot sustain him; the APB variously renders these questions with “truly,” “indeed,” and “really.”

   Genesis 18:13Numbers 22:371 Kings 8:272 Chronicles 6:18

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the adverb with “truly,” “indeed,” and “really” across these clauses. These renderings show the verses’ emphatic presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent.