tillo denotes the disciples’ action of taking heads of grain as they pass through grainfields.

The attested use describes taking heads of grain in the disciples’ movement through grainfields; the three verses present the same concrete action in Sabbath settings.

1. Taking heads of grain · dominant

   In Luke 6:1, the imperfect active indicative form occurs as the disciples pass through grainfields; the APB renders that they “plucked heads of grain” and ate them. Mark 2:23 uses a present active participle while the disciples are passing through the grainfields, and Matthew 12:1 uses a present active infinitive after they become hungry; in both verses the APB likewise renders the action as taking heads of grain.

   Luke 6:1Mark 2:23Matthew 12:1

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across Luke 6:1, Mark 2:23, and Matthew 12:1, the APB presents the action with “plucked” or “plucking” heads of grain. These renderings confirm the clause-level action rather than supply a finer distinction.