sustauroomai describes being crucified with someone, both in crucifixion scenes and in statements about an old self with Christ.

The attested use describes being crucified with another: it marks people crucified alongside him in the narrative verses and describes an old self as crucified with him in Romans 6:6 and the speaker as crucified with Christ in Galatians 2:19.

1. Crucified alongside another · dominant

   In John 19:32, the aorist passive participle identifies “the other” in the clause the APB renders “who had been crucified with him.” In Matthew 27:44 and Mark 15:32, plural passive participles identify those with him who then revile him.

   John 19:32Matthew 27:44Mark 15:32
2. Crucified with Christ in personal statements · common

   In Galatians 2:19, a first-person perfect passive indicative occurs in the APB clause “I have been crucified with Christ.” In Romans 6:6, a third-person aorist passive indicative occurs where the APB renders the old self as “crucified with him.”

   Galatians 2:19Romans 6:6

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term with “crucified with” in Galatians 2:19 and Romans 6:6, and with clauses about persons “crucified with him” in the narrative verses. These phrases confirm the clauses' presentation rather than supply a separate definition.