Porosis is a condition of the heart portrayed as producing ignorance, alienation, grief, and a partial condition upon Israel.

The three verses portray porosis as hardening centered on the heart: it is linked with ignorance and alienation in Ephesians 4:18, grieves Jesus in Mark 3:5, and is described as partial in Romans 11:25.

1. Hardening of the heart · dominant

   Across all three occurrences, the noun names hardening in clauses concerning the heart or Israel. In Ephesians 4:18 the APB renders a sequence in which ignorance and alienation from the life of God are because of “the hardening of their heart”; in Mark 3:5 it renders Jesus as grieved at “the hardness of their heart”; and in Romans 11:25 it describes “a partial hardening” that has come upon Israel.

   Ephesians 4:18Mark 3:5Romans 11:25

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “hardening” in Ephesians 4:18 and Romans 11:25, and “hardness” in Mark 3:5. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than establish separate meanings.