proorao denotes seeing beforehand: anticipating what is ahead or having previously seen someone.

The dominant use describes anticipating what is ahead: David has the Lord before him, a speaker anticipates the resurrection of the Christ, and Scripture anticipates God’s justification of the Gentiles. One occurrence instead refers to people who had previously seen Trophimus in the city.

1. Anticipating what lies ahead · dominant

   In Acts 2:25, the imperfect middle indicative form occurs in David’s statement about the Lord being always before him; the APB renders the clause, “I foresaw the Lord always before me.” The aorist active participles in Acts 2:31 and Galatians 3:8 introduce anticipation of the resurrection of the Christ and of God justifying the Gentiles by faith; the APB renders “He foresaw and spoke about the resurrection” and “the Scripture, foreseeing.”

   Acts 2:25Acts 2:31Galatians 3:8
2. Having seen previously · rare

   In Acts 21:29, the perfect active participle describes people who had already seen Trophimus in the city with Paul, supplying the basis for what they supposed about Paul and the sacred place. The APB renders, “they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian in the city with him.”

   Acts 21:29

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “foresaw” and “foreseeing” in Acts 2:25, Acts 2:31, and Galatians 3:8, while Acts 21:29 is rendered “had previously seen.” These are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.