Progonos denotes forebears named in family obligation and inherited service to God.

The two verses use the term for forebears: in one, those to whom a household owes repayment; in the other, those from whom the speaker's service to God is described.

1. Forebears in family obligation and inherited service · dominant

   In 1 Timothy 5:4, the dative plural form occurs in the instruction that children or descendants repay their parents; the APB renders the clause with “repay their parents.” In 2 Timothy 1:3, the genitive plural form occurs with the speaker's service to God; the APB renders this as serving God “from my ancestors.”

   1 Timothy 5:42 Timothy 1:3

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the family setting with “parents” in 1 Timothy 5:4 and the service-to-God setting with “ancestors” in 2 Timothy 1:3. These renderings show the clauses' presentation rather than fixed equivalents for the term.