pikria denotes a harmful bitter disposition or expression, seen in corrupt speech, bondage, and trouble spreading among many.

The occurrences consistently portray bitterness as a harmful condition: it fills a mouth with cursing, stands among attitudes to be removed, characterizes a person as bound in iniquity, and is pictured as a root that rises and defiles many.

1. A harmful bitter condition or disposition · dominant

   In Romans 3:14, the genitive form occurs in the statement that a mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; in Ephesians 4:31, the nominative form heads a list of things to be put away. Acts 8:23 places the genitive form in the phrase rendered by the APB as being “in the gall of bitterness,” while Hebrews 12:15 describes a “root of bitterness” springing up, causing trouble, and defiling many.

   Acts 8:23Ephesians 4:31Hebrews 12:15Romans 3:14

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “bitterness” in all four verses, within the fuller images of gall, a root that springs up, and a mouth filled with cursing. These clauses confirm the shared negative setting without isolating every nuance of the Greek term.