parakoloutheo describes following teaching or matters under consideration and, in one verse, signs accompanying believers.

The attested uses chiefly concern following instruction or matters being examined: the term is used of following good teaching, a teacher’s example, and all the matters considered for an orderly account. In Mark 16:17, it instead describes signs that follow those who believe.

1. Following teaching or investigated matters · dominant

   In 1 Timothy 4:6, the perfect active indicative form occurs in the clause about good teaching that has been followed; in 2 Timothy 3:10, the aorist active indicative form stands with a list including teaching, conduct, purpose, faith, patience, love, and perseverance. In Luke 1:3, the perfect active participle describes having followed all the matters accurately before writing an orderly sequence.

   1 Timothy 4:62 Timothy 3:10Luke 1:3
2. Accompanying as a result · occasional

   In Mark 16:17, the future active indicative form is used of signs in relation to those who believe; the APB renders the clause, “And signs will follow those who believe.”

   Mark 16:17

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “followed” for teaching, a teacher’s example, and matters considered for writing, while Mark 16:17 uses “follow” for signs. These renderings confirm the clauses rather than establish precise English equivalents.