Kerdos denotes benefit or profit, whether valued personally or pursued in a shameful way.

The occurrences present kerdos as benefit or profit: Paul contrasts it with loss and with death, while Titus describes profit sought through improper teaching.

1. Benefit or profit in evaluation and pursuit · dominant

   In Philippians 1:21, the nominative singular occurs in the statement contrasting living as Christ with dying; the APB renders the clause "to die is gain." In Philippians 3:7, the nominative plural refers to things Paul had counted as beneficial but now regards as loss because of Christ, while Titus 1:11 uses the genitive singular for the purpose of "shameful gain" sought by those teaching what they ought not teach.

   Philippians 1:21Philippians 3:7Titus 1:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses "gain" in Philippians 1:21 and Philippians 3:7, and "shameful gain" in Titus 1:11. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than isolate every contribution of the term.