katalaleo describes speaking against people in accusation, whether by outsiders or within the community.

The attested use concerns speaking against someone in an accusatory way: outsiders speak against believers in 1 Peter 2:12 and 1 Peter 3:16, while James 4:11 prohibits such speech between brothers and connects it with judging a brother and the law.

1. Speaking against another in accusation · dominant

   In 1 Peter 2:12, the present active plural form describes people speaking against believers as evildoers while observing their honorable conduct. In 1 Peter 3:16, the present passive plural form places the readers as those against whom such speech is directed; the APB renders the clause "those who slander you." In James 4:11, present active forms occur in the prohibition against speaking against a brother, and the clause links that action with judging both the brother and the law.

   1 Peter 2:121 Peter 3:16James 4:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the action as "speak against you as evildoers" in 1 Peter 2:12, "slander you" in 1 Peter 3:16, and "speak against" a brother in James 4:11. These are translation renderings of whole clauses.