kakourgos identifies people treated as offenders, including those led to execution and one suffering chains under that charge.

The attested usage identifies offenders: three verses place such men in the execution scene, while 2 Timothy 2:9 applies the designation to someone suffering chains under that charge.

1. Offenders in an execution scene · dominant

   In Luke 23:32 the nominative plural form identifies two others being led away to be put to death. Luke 23:33 uses the accusative plural form for those crucified on either side, and Luke 23:39 uses the genitive plural form for one of those hanged who railed at him.

   Luke 23:32Luke 23:33Luke 23:39
2. A person suffering chains under accusation · occasional

   In 2 Timothy 2:9 the nominative singular form describes someone suffering to the point of chains; the APB renders the clause "as a criminal."

   2 Timothy 2:9

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the plural forms in Luke 23:32, Luke 23:33, and Luke 23:39 as "criminals," and in 2 Timothy 2:9 renders the singular in the phrase "as a criminal." These renderings confirm the verses' presentation without isolating every lexical detail.