zophos denotes obscuring gloom, especially in settings where beings are kept for judgment.

The term denotes obscuring gloom: most occurrences place it in clauses about persons or angels being kept or reserved in connection with judgment, while Hebrews 12:18 includes it among the fearsome features of an approach marked by fire and tempest.

1. Obscuring gloom in severe settings · dominant

   In 2 Peter 2:17 and Jude 1:13, the nominative form occurs in clauses about gloom being reserved or kept for those described. In 2 Peter 2:4 and Jude 1:6, genitive and accusative forms occur with chains or being under darkness as angels are kept for judgment; Hebrews 12:18 uses the dative form among blazing fire, gloom, and tempest.

   2 Peter 2:172 Peter 2:4Hebrews 12:18Jude 1:13Jude 1:6

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the surrounding clauses with “gloom of darkness” in 2 Peter 2:17 and Jude 1:13, and with “darkness” in 2 Peter 2:4, Hebrews 12:18, and Jude 1:6. These renderings indicate the verse context rather than a fixed English equivalent for the term.