epiphaino describes becoming evident or appearing, whether of lights, a figure to people in darkness, or God’s grace and kindness.

The supplied verses show epiphaino for coming into view or becoming manifest: sun and stars are absent from sight in Acts 27:20, while Luke 1:79, Titus 2:11, and Titus 3:4 place the action in clauses about appearing to people or the appearing of God’s grace, kindness, and benevolence.

1. Coming into view or becoming manifest · dominant

   In Acts 27:20, the present active participle occurs in the clause where neither sun nor stars were visible; the APB renders that clause “neither sun nor stars appeared.” In Luke 1:79, the aorist active infinitive is followed by appearing to those sitting in darkness, while Titus 2:11 and Titus 3:4 use aorist passive indicative forms for the appearance of God’s grace and of God’s kindness and benevolence.

   Acts 27:20Luke 1:79Titus 2:11Titus 3:4

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “appeared” in all four verses, for the sun and stars, for appearing to those in darkness, and for God’s grace, kindness, and benevolence. These renderings confirm the clauses’ overall presentation rather than isolate every nuance of the Greek form.