ekdikesis is retributive redress for wrongdoing, whether against oppressors, wrongdoers, or those facing divine repayment.

The occurrences depict retributive redress in response to wrongdoing: punishment of wrongdoers, relief for the oppressed, and repayment or judgment attributed to God. In 2 Corinthians 7:11, it also appears among the responses produced by godly grief as the community proves itself clear in the matter.

1. Retributive redress for wrongdoing · dominant

   In Acts 7:24, the accusative singular form occurs where a mistreated person is defended and the Egyptian is struck down; the APB renders the action as avenging the oppressed man. In Luke 18:7 and 1 Peter 2:14, the same form stands in clauses concerning justice for those crying out and action toward wrongdoers. Romans 12:19 and 2 Thessalonians 1:8 place the term in statements of repayment or punishment, while 2 Corinthians 7:11 includes it among the responses associated with proving purity in a matter.

   Acts 7:24Luke 18:71 Peter 2:14Romans 12:192 Thessalonians 1:82 Corinthians 7:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “vengeance” in several clauses, while Luke 18:7 and Luke 18:8 are rendered with “justice.” It also renders the action in Acts 7:24 as avenging the oppressed man; these are translation-level presentations rather than definitions.