diogmos denotes hostile opposition that arises against people, brings pressure or suffering, and may require endurance.

The attested usage consistently concerns hostile opposition directed against people: it can arise against an assembly, be stirred up against named individuals, accompany pressure or suffering, and be endured. In the teaching settings of Matthew 13:21 and Mark 4:17, it arises because of the word and is linked with falling away; elsewhere it is counted among hardships, threats, and pressures.

1. Hostile opposition and suffering directed at people · dominant

   In Acts 8:1, the nominative singular names a great hostile outbreak against the assembly in Jerusalem, after which the APB renders that all were scattered. Acts 13:50 presents the accusative singular as something stirred up against Paul and Barnabas and followed by their expulsion; Matthew 13:21 and Mark 4:17 place the genitive singular alongside trouble or pressure arising because of the word. The plural forms in 2 Timothy 3:11 are connected with sufferings that came upon the speaker and were endured.

   Acts 8:1Acts 13:50Matthew 13:21Mark 4:172 Timothy 3:11Romans 8:35

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB repeatedly uses “persecution” or “persecutions” in these clauses, including an outbreak against the assembly, pressure arising because of the word, and hardships endured. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation text, those renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation without establishing finer distinctions.