gumnazo denotes training directed toward a developed capacity, disposition, or way of life.

The occurrences depict training as a directed process: a person is urged toward piety, while completed training is associated with greed, discernment, or the fruit that follows discipline.

1. Directed training that forms capacity or disposition · dominant

   In 1 Timothy 4:7, the present active singular form is an instruction directed to the hearer, set against myths and toward piety; the APB renders the clause “instead, train yourself for piety.” The perfect passive participles describe people, a heart, and senses as having been trained: Hebrews 5:14 connects this with discerning good and evil, Hebrews 12:11 with the later fruit of discipline, and 2 Peter 2:14 with a heart oriented toward greed.

   1 Timothy 4:72 Peter 2:14Hebrews 12:11Hebrews 5:14

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “train” for the direct instruction in 1 Timothy 4:7 and “trained” in the participial clauses of 2 Peter 2:14, Hebrews 12:11, and Hebrews 5:14. These renderings confirm the verse-level presentation rather than fixing a separate English equivalent in every clause.