Hamartano denotes committing wrongdoing, including against a brother, Christ, law, or another person.

The verb consistently marks committing wrongdoing: it can describe an act against another person, a stated standard, or Christ, as well as a condition to avoid, confess, rebuke, or cease. The supplied verses do not require separate lexical senses for these differing contexts.

1. Committing wrongdoing · dominant

   In Matthew 18:15 and Luke 17:4, the act is directed against a brother or "against you" and prompts rebuke and forgiveness. In 1 Corinthians 8:12, the supplied present active participial form occurs in the clause the APB renders "sinning against the brothers," while the verse continues with wrongdoing against Christ; Romans 2:12 contrasts those who committed the act without law and under law. Luke 15:18 presents it as the son's confessed act "toward heaven and before you," and Hebrews 10:26 places ongoing action after receiving knowledge of the truth.

   Matthew 18:15Luke 17:41 Corinthians 8:12Romans 2:12Luke 15:18Hebrews 10:26

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB most often uses forms of "sin," including "sinned," "sinning," and "sins." It also frames the act through surrounding clauses such as wrongdoing against brothers, Christ, law, or another person.