sa.tan describes acting against someone, including opponents named in psalms and opposition directed at Joshua.

The clear occurrences show opposition directed against a person: the psalms name those acting against the speaker, while Zechariah 3:1 portrays opposition directed at Joshua.

1. Acting against a person · dominant

   In Psalm 109:4, the Qal imperfect occurs in the clause that the APB renders, “In return for my love they oppose me.” Qal active participles identify those acting against the speaker in Psalm 109:20, Psalm 109:29, and Psalm 71:13; in Zechariah 3:1, a Qal infinitive construct occurs with the figure standing at Joshua’s right hand, which the APB renders as standing there “to oppose him.”

   Psalm 109:4Psalm 109:20Psalm 109:29Psalm 71:13Zechariah 3:1

In the Anselm Project Bible: Where the clause makes the contribution clear, the APB uses “oppose,” “opponents,” and “those who oppose my soul.” These are whole-verse presentations of the clauses rather than definitions.