ra.pha.s describes making water foul, whether by feet in rivers and pasture water or in the image of a spring.

The attested use describes water being made foul: feet trouble rivers and remaining pasture water in Ezekiel 32:2 and Ezekiel 34:18, while Proverbs 25:26 applies the image to a fouled spring and ruined fountain.

1. Making water foul · dominant

   In Ezekiel 32:2, the Qal sequential imperfect occurs in the address to Pharaoh after he troubles waters with his feet; the APB renders the clause “you fouled their rivers.” In Ezekiel 34:18, the Qal imperfect plural likewise concerns remaining water fouled with feet, while Proverbs 25:26 uses a Niphal participle in the image of “A fouled spring and a ruined fountain.”

   Ezekiel 32:2Ezekiel 34:18Proverbs 25:26

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term with “fouled” in all three verses: rivers in Ezekiel 32:2, remaining water in Ezekiel 34:18, and a spring in Proverbs 25:26. These renderings confirm the water-related scenes without establishing finer distinctions.