ra.ad denotes trembling, whether people quake in response to a word and rain or the earth shakes at God's look.

The attested uses describe trembling in both people and the earth: people are shown trembling in Daniel 10:11 and Ezra 10:9, while Psalm 104:32 depicts the earth trembling under God's action.

1. Trembling by people · dominant

   In Daniel 10:11, the masculine singular Hiphil active participle occurs as Daniel stands after hearing the speaker's word; the APB renders the result, “I stood trembling.” In Ezra 10:9, the masculine plural Hiphil active participle occurs of the assembled people, whom the APB renders as “trembling because of the word and because of the rain.”

   Daniel 10:11Ezra 10:9
2. The earth trembling · occasional

   In Psalm 104:32, the Qal sequential imperfect describes the earth in the clause where God looks at it; the APB renders, “He who looks at the earth makes it tremble.”

   Psalm 104:32

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the participial occurrences in Daniel 10:11 and Ezra 10:9 with “trembling,” and Psalm 104:32 with “makes it tremble.” These renderings confirm the clauses' presentation rather than establish a separate sense.