to ambush
tsa.dah describes lying in wait or pursuing someone, as seen in legal and conflict settings.
The two occurrences show tsa.dah in contexts of intentional pursuit or lying in wait: Exodus 21:13 contrasts it with an event not planned beforehand, while 1 Samuel 24:12 uses a participial form in a statement that the speaker's hand will not be against another.
Senses in use
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Lying in wait deliberately · dominant
In Exodus 21:13, the Qal perfect occurs in a conditional statement contrasting an act not done by lying in wait with an event that God caused to meet a person's hand. The APB renders the clause, "if he did not lie in wait."
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Pursuing or acting against someone · occasional
In 1 Samuel 24:12, the Qal active participle stands within a statement that the speaker's hand will not be against the other person. The APB renders the surrounding statement, "but my hand shall not be against you," without clearly isolating the term's contribution.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses "lie in wait" in Exodus 21:13. In 1 Samuel 24:12, it presents the surrounding denial that the speaker's hand will be against the other person; Its specific rendering there is unclear.