i is attested as an interjection of lament and, in another occurrence, as a preposition.

The attested forms show a grammatical word used as an interjection introducing lament in Ecclesiastes 10:16 and as a preposition in Ecclesiastes 4:10, where its specific contribution is not isolable from the translation.

1. Interjection and prepositional grammatical use · dominant

   In Ecclesiastes 10:16, the form אִֽי is tagged as a particle interjection and introduces the address to the land; the APB renders the clause “Woe to you, O land.” In Ecclesiastes 4:10, the form ל֗ is tagged as a preposition in the statement about one person helping another after a fall, but the APB does not isolate its contribution.

   Ecclesiastes 10:16Ecclesiastes 4:10

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly opens Ecclesiastes 10:16 with “Woe,” while in Ecclesiastes 4:10 it does not identify a separate English equivalent for the preposition. The verse is read as a whole.