Hupodeigma denotes a model set before others, whether for imitation, warning, or as a copy of heavenly things.

The term most often marks a model placed before others: conduct to imitate, prophets' endurance, or a disobedient pattern not to follow. It also identifies copies of heavenly things and, in one judgment scene, the ruined cities set before the ungodly as a warning.

1. A model for conduct or response · dominant

   In John 13:15, the accusative singular stands in the purpose clause that others should do as the speaker did. In James 5:10, the prophets' suffering and patience are set before the readers, while Hebrews 4:11 places the same disobedience before them in connection with falling.

   John 13:15James 5:10Hebrews 4:11
2. Copies corresponding to heavenly things · common

   In Hebrews 8:5, the dative singular occurs where those serving are described in relation to heavenly things and the pattern shown on the mountain. In Hebrews 9:23, the accusative plural identifies the things cleansed with sacrifices in contrast to the heavenly things themselves; the APB renders the clause "the copies of the heavenly things."

   Hebrews 8:5Hebrews 9:23
3. A warning set by judgment · rare

   In 2 Peter 2:6, the accusative singular follows the condemnation of Sodom and Gomorrah and presents their destruction as set before the ungodly in relation to what is coming.

   2 Peter 2:6

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses "example" in John 13:15, James 5:10, and 2 Peter 2:6, while Hebrews 8:5 and Hebrews 9:23 use "copy" or "copies." In Hebrews 4:11 it renders the surrounding phrase "the same example of disobedience"; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.