tapeinos describes humble people and those in a lowered social position, contrasted with arrogance and sometimes lifted up.

The occurrences most often portray humility or an unassuming manner, especially in contrast to arrogance and in connection with grace; they also describe people in a lowered position whom God encourages or lifts up.

1. Humble or unassuming in manner · dominant

   In Matthew 11:29, the nominative singular form describes the speaker as gentle and “lowly in heart” in the APB rendering. The nominative singular in 2 Corinthians 10:1 describes Paul’s manner when present, while the dative plural forms in 1 Peter 5:5 and James 4:6 occur in the clauses where God gives grace in contrast to the arrogant.

   Matthew 11:292 Corinthians 10:11 Peter 5:5James 4:6
2. People in a lowered position · common

   In Luke 1:52, the accusative plural form identifies those lifted up after rulers are brought down. In 2 Corinthians 7:6, God encourages the accusative plural group; James 1:9 contrasts the nominative singular brother's present condition with his “height,” and Romans 12:16 places the dative plural form beside avoiding high-minded self-estimation.

   Luke 1:522 Corinthians 7:6James 1:9Romans 12:16

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “lowly,” including “lowly in heart,” but uses “humble” in James 4:6. These renderings confirm the clauses' presentation without assigning every English wording directly to the term.