menounge is a particle that marks a forceful transition or reply in clauses that intensify, affirm, or press a point.

As a particle, μενοῦνγε occurs in forceful turns within an argument: it accompanies an intensified evaluation in Philippians 3:8, an affirmative reply in Romans 10:18, and a challenging response in Romans 9:20.

1. Particle marking an emphatic turn or reply · dominant

   The form is tagged Particle in all three occurrences. In Philippians 3:8 the APB renders an intensified assessment of everything as loss; in Romans 10:18 it renders a reply to the question of whether they heard; and in Romans 9:20 it renders a challenge to the person answering back to God.

   Philippians 3:8Romans 10:18Romans 9:20

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the surrounding turns with “More than that,” “Indeed they have,” and “But,” and does not isolate the particle's contribution in each clause.