kolaphizo describes physical assault, including the mistreatment endured by people and the beating described in a thorn's action.

The attested uses describe physical assault: people are struck or beaten in scenes of mistreatment, while 2 Corinthians 12:7 applies the action to a messenger sent to beat the speaker. The same basic action appears in active and passive forms without requiring separate lexical senses.

1. Physical assault or beating · dominant

   In Matthew 26:67 and Mark 14:65, active forms occur amid spitting, striking, and slapping; the APB renders the clauses "struck him" and "to strike him." In 1 Corinthians 4:11 and 1 Peter 2:20, passive forms describe being subjected to such treatment, rendered "buffeted" and "being beaten"; in 2 Corinthians 12:7, the present active subjunctive describes a messenger "to beat me."

   Matthew 26:67Mark 14:651 Corinthians 4:111 Peter 2:202 Corinthians 12:7

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the action with varied wording: "buffeted," "being beaten," "to beat me," "to strike him," and "struck him." These renderings confirm the verses' assault contexts rather than establish separate meanings.