kauson denotes oppressive heat, whether forecast from a south wind or endured through the day.

The occurrences depict heat as a condition anticipated from a south wind and endured during a day's labor; James 1:11 also places it with the sun's drying effect on grass.

1. Heat as weather or physical exposure · dominant

   The nominative form in Luke 12:55 occurs in the prediction that a south wind will bring heat; the APB renders the clause "there will be heat." The accusative form in Matthew 20:12 belongs with those who "carried the burden of the day and the heat," while the dative form in James 1:11 occurs as the sun dries the grass; the APB renders "the sun rose with the heat and dried the grass."

   Luke 12:55Matthew 20:12James 1:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the three verses, the APB uses "heat" in a weather prediction, in the burden borne through the day, and with the sun's drying of grass. These renderings confirm the clauses' shared physical setting rather than establish separate meanings.