Kataraomai denotes directing a curse against people or a fig tree, or describing those marked as cursed.

The attested uses describe cursing directed toward others or a fig tree, as well as people identified as cursed: speakers are told not to curse persecutors, yet cursing is directed at humans and a fig tree, while others are addressed as cursed.

1. Directing or receiving a curse · dominant

   In James 3:9 the present middle form occurs in the contrast between blessing the Lord and Father and cursing humans; Luke 6:28 likewise speaks of those who curse the hearers, while Romans 12:14 forbids cursing persecutors. Mark 11:21 recalls Peter's statement about the fig tree that had been cursed and dried, and Matthew 25:41 addresses people described by a perfect passive participle as cursed before they are told to depart.

   James 3:9Luke 6:28Mark 11:21Matthew 25:41Romans 12:14

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the action with “curse” in James 3:9, Luke 6:28, Mark 11:21, and Romans 12:14, and presents the passive description as “cursed” in Matthew 25:41. These are clause-level renderings rather than definitions.