to thresh
aloao denotes the ongoing action of threshing, shown with an ox and with a person expecting a share.
The attested use consistently denotes ongoing threshing activity: an ox is not to be muzzled while doing it, and a person does it in hope of sharing in the result.
Senses in use
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Threshing in an agricultural setting · dominant
The present active participle describes an ox in 1 Corinthians 9:9 and 1 Timothy 5:18; the APB renders the clauses "while it is threshing" and "when it treads out the grain." In 1 Corinthians 9:10, the nominative participle identifies "the one threshing" as acting in hope of sharing.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the activity as "threshing" in 1 Corinthians 9:9 and 1 Corinthians 9:10, and as "treads out the grain" in 1 Timothy 5:18. These phrases confirm the clauses' agricultural activity rather than establish separate meanings.