The Anselm Project Bible · The Crux Registry

1 Samuel 17:4 — how tall was Goliath?

Goliath is given as four cubits and a span in one reading and six cubits and a span in another. The number changes the portrait from an enormous man to a giant out of legend.

ארבע אמות וזרת
arba ammot vazeret — four cubits and a span (≈ 6'9")
שש אמות וזרת
shesh ammot vazeret — six cubits and a span (≈ 9'9")
One number decides whether Goliath is an enormous man — or a giant out of legend.
IThe Reading

What the APB prints.

And a man, the champion, came out from the camp of the Philistines; Goliath was his name, from Gath; his height was six cubits and a span.
1 Samuel 17:4 (source numbering) · Anselm Project Bible
IIThe Witnesses

Every witness, on the record.

Masoretic Text (Westminster Leningrad Codex)
MT · codex A.D. 1008; tradition centuries older
שש אמות וזרת shesh ammot vazeretsix cubits and a span
The received Hebrew makes Goliath about nine and a half feet tall. The MT is the Westminster Leningrad Codex, a codex A.D. 1008; its tradition is described as centuries older. Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (WLC)
Dead Sea Scrolls (4QSamᵃ)
4QSamᵃ · manuscript, c. 1st century B.C.
ארבע אמות וזרת arba ammot vazeretfour cubits and a span
The oldest Hebrew witness to the verse reads four. 4QSamᵃ is a manuscript dated c. 1st century B.C. and is identified here as the oldest Hebrew witness to this verse. Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
Septuagint (Codex Vaticanus)
LXXᴮ · manuscript, 4th century A.D.
τεσσάρων πήχεων καὶ σπιθαμῆς tessarōn pēcheōn kai spithamēsfour cubits and a span
The major Greek tradition agrees with Qumran: four. LXXᴮ is a manuscript dated 4th century A.D.; its Greek wording gives four cubits and a span. Septuagint (Rahlfs-Hanhart, academic-bible.com)
supports if four cubitssupports if six cubits
IIIThe Blind Test

What a blind committee did here.

The APB's translation committee works blind: it is never told it is translating the Bible, never given a book name or a verse number, and it never sees the witnesses above. Whatever it did at this verse, it did on the language alone — and its record is public.

Committee recordaudit verdict: clean

The blind committee's record supplies no rationale note for this crux, and the pericope audit verdict is "clean." The APB text at 1 Samuel 17:4 prints, "his height was six cubits and a span." The surrounding APB lines continue with Goliath's bronze helmet and scale armor.

IVThe Stakes

The case for each reading.

If four cubits

Reading A, ארבע אמות וזרת, gives Goliath a height of four cubits and a span, approximately 6'9". It is supported by the Dead Sea Scrolls manuscript 4QSamᵃ, dated c. 1st century B.C., which the packet identifies as the oldest Hebrew witness to the verse. It is also supported by LXXᴮ, whose Greek text reads τεσσάρων πήχεων καὶ σπιθαμῆς. Thus the four-cubit reading has both an early Hebrew witness and a major Greek witness in the supplied evidence. On this reading, the difference makes Goliath an enormous man rather than a giant out of legend.

If six cubits

Reading B, שש אמות וזרת, gives Goliath a height of six cubits and a span, approximately 9'9". It is the reading of the Masoretic Text, represented here by the Westminster Leningrad Codex, a codex A.D. 1008 with a tradition described as centuries older. The supplied Hebrew verse text also reads גבהו שש אמות וזרת, and the APB prints, "his height was six cubits and a span." This reading therefore stands in the received Hebrew text presented on the page. Its effect is to portray Goliath as a giant out of legend rather than simply an enormous man.

The supplied witnesses divide over one number: four or six cubits. The packet identifies the resulting difference in portrait as an enormous man or a giant out of legend. It does not supply a resolution of the disagreement. No doctrinal claim is attached to either reading in the packet; the stated issue is Goliath's height in 1 Samuel 17:4.

VThe Registry

More places where the manuscripts argue.

Witness readings for critical editions are quoted from the SBLGNT apparatus (CC BY 4.0); Hebrew text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible). Readings of ancient manuscripts and versions are cited as published scholarly fact with their sources linked above. Nothing on this page declares a winner — the evidence is the point.

Weigh it yourself.

The registry doesn't tell you which reading is true. It puts every witness on one page, shows what a blind committee did with the same language, and leaves the verdict where it belongs — with the reader.