The Anselm Project Bible · The Crux Registry

Deuteronomy 32:8 — sons of God, or sons of Israel?

Deuteronomy 32:8 is attested with בני אלוהים, sons of God, and בני ישראל, sons of Israel. One word affects whether the peoples are measured by divine beings or by Jacob’s family.

בני אלוהים
bene elohim — sons of God
בני ישראל
bene yisra'el — sons of Israel
One word decides whether the nations are allotted under divine beings — or counted against Jacob's family.
IThe Reading

What the APB prints.

When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of mankind, he fixed the borders of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel.
Deuteronomy 32:8 (source numbering) · Anselm Project Bible
IIThe Witnesses

Every witness, on the record.

Masoretic Text (Westminster Leningrad Codex)
MT · codex A.D. 1008; tradition centuries older
בני ישראל bene yisra'elsons of Israel
The received Hebrew reading, translated by the APB. The Masoretic Text in the Westminster Leningrad Codex reads בני ישראל and is the received Hebrew reading translated by the APB. Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (WLC)
Dead Sea Scrolls (4QDeutʲ)
4QDeutʲ · manuscript, c. 1st century B.C.
בני אלוהים bene elohimsons of God
A Qumran fragment of the Song of Moses preserves the bolder reading. The 4QDeutʲ fragment, c. 1st century B.C., preserves בני אלוהים in the Song of Moses. Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
Septuagint
LXX · translation, c. 3rd century B.C.
ἀγγέλων θεοῦ angelōn theouangels of God
Most Greek manuscripts read “angels of God”; a few read “sons of God” — both presuppose a Hebrew text unlike the MT. The Septuagint, c. 3rd century B.C., reads ἀγγέλων θεοῦ; most Greek manuscripts have this wording, while a few have sons of God. Septuagint (Rahlfs-Hanhart, academic-bible.com)
supports if “sons of god”supports if “sons of israel”
IIIThe Blind Test

What a blind committee did here.

The APB's translation committee works blind: it is never told it is translating the Bible, never given a book name or a verse number, and it never sees the witnesses above. Whatever it did at this verse, it did on the language alone — and its record is public.

Committee recordaudit verdict: clean

The blind committee record supplies no rationale note for this crux. Its pericope audit verdict is ‘clean.’ The APB prints sons of Israel in Deuteronomy 32:8, followed by the statement that Jacob is the cord of his inheritance in Deuteronomy 32:9.

IVThe Stakes

The case for each reading.

If “sons of God”

The case for בני אלוהים begins with the Dead Sea Scrolls witness 4QDeutʲ, a manuscript dated c. 1st century B.C. Its surviving text of the Song of Moses reads בני אלוהים. The Septuagint also supports this side of the variation: it reads ἀγγέλων θεοῦ, and the packet reports that a few Greek manuscripts read sons of God. Both Greek forms are described as presupposing a Hebrew text unlike the MT. On this reading, the number used when the Most High fixed the borders of the peoples is connected with divine beings. The immediate contrast in Deuteronomy 32:9 then names the LORD’s people and Jacob as his inheritance.

If “sons of Israel”

The case for בני ישראל rests on the Masoretic Text, represented here by the Westminster Leningrad Codex, codex A.D. 1008; tradition centuries older. This is the received Hebrew reading, and it is the wording translated in the APB: the Most High fixed the borders of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel. The supplied consonantal Hebrew verse likewise ends למספר בני ישראל. Read in sequence with Deuteronomy 32:9, this wording places the count beside the statement that the LORD’s portion is his people and Jacob is his inheritance. The reading therefore describes the nations’ boundaries in relation to Israel’s family.

The packet presents a real division in the wording: one reading names divine beings, while the other names Israel. It does not provide a rationale note explaining the APB’s choice at this verse. The variant changes how the count for the peoples is expressed, but no conclusion about doctrine need hinge on this one wording; doctrines rest on many passages.

VThe Registry

More places where the manuscripts argue.

Witness readings for critical editions are quoted from the SBLGNT apparatus (CC BY 4.0); Hebrew text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible). Readings of ancient manuscripts and versions are cited as published scholarly fact with their sources linked above. Nothing on this page declares a winner — the evidence is the point.

Weigh it yourself.

The registry doesn't tell you which reading is true. It puts every witness on one page, shows what a blind committee did with the same language, and leaves the verdict where it belongs — with the reader.