The Anselm Project Bible · The Crux Registry

Matthew 21:44 — the stone that crushes: original, or from Luke?

Matthew 21:44 is transmitted both with the verse standing and with the parable ending without it. The question is whether its close wording with Luke 20:18 reflects Matthew's text or later arrival from Luke.

Καὶ ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον…
Kai ho pesōn epi ton lithon touton… — “whoever falls on this stone…” — the verse stands
the parable ends without it
Present in almost every manuscript, absent from a small but weighty few — a verse that reads exactly like Luke 20:18, standing at the edge of Matthew's text.
IThe Reading

What the APB prints.

And the one who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; but on whomever it falls, it will crush him.
Matthew 21:44 (source numbering) · Anselm Project Bible
IIThe Witnesses

Every witness, on the record.

Nestle-Aland 28
NA28 · critical edition, 2012
Καὶ … αὐτόν.the verse stands (bracketed in NA28's predecessors)
All four editions print it; the Westcott-Hort margin records the doubt. NA28 prints the verse; its predecessors bracketed it, while the Westcott-Hort margin records doubt. SBLGNT apparatus (Faithlife, CC BY 4.0)
Papyrus 104, Bezae, and Old Latin
P104? D it · manuscripts, 2nd-5th century A.D.
the verse is absent
The earliest papyrus of the passage appears to lack the verse, with the Western tradition. Papyrus 104, Bezae, and Old Latin omit the verse; the earliest papyrus of the passage appears to lack it. NT Virtual Manuscript Room (INTF)
supports if matthew wrote itsupports if it arrived from luke
IIIThe Blind Test

What a blind committee did here.

The APB's translation committee works blind: it is never told it is translating the Bible, never given a book name or a verse number, and it never sees the witnesses above. Whatever it did at this verse, it did on the language alone — and its record is public.

Committee recordaudit verdict: clean

The blind committee's record contains no verse-specific rationale: "no rationale note matches this crux." The APB nevertheless prints Matthew 21:44 between Matthew 21:43 and 21:45. For the pericope, the audit verdict is 'clean'.

IVThe Stakes

The case for each reading.

If Matthew wrote it

The verse is present in almost every manuscript and is printed by Nestle-Aland 28. The apparatus line gives the full verse as the reading printed by WH, Treg, NA28, and RP. This wide printed and manuscript support makes the standing verse a substantial part of the transmitted form of Matthew 21:44. In the APB, it also forms a direct continuation after Matthew 21:43: the one who falls on the stone is broken, and the one on whom it falls is crushed. On this reading, the parable moves from the kingdom being given to a fruit-producing nation to the stone's twofold effect before the chief priests and Pharisees recognize that the parables concern them.

If it arrived from Luke

The omission has limited but weighty support: Papyrus 104, Bezae, and Old Latin end the parable without the verse. The packet identifies Papyrus 104 as the earliest papyrus of this passage and says that it appears to lack the verse, alongside the Western tradition. The apparatus also records omission in the Westcott-Hort margin, even though the verse is printed in the main text. The wording reads exactly like Luke 20:18, which creates the specific question of whether the sentence entered Matthew from Luke. On the omission reading, Matthew 21:43 is followed directly by Matthew 21:45, without the stone saying in between.

What remains uncertain is whether the standing verse belonged between Matthew 21:43 and 21:45 or arrived from Luke 20:18. The packet supplies no basis for a verdict beyond the listed witnesses and apparatus. This variant changes the presence or absence of one saying in this parable; it does not by itself settle doctrine, since doctrines rest on many passages.

VThe Registry

More places where the manuscripts argue.

Witness readings for critical editions are quoted from the SBLGNT apparatus (CC BY 4.0); Hebrew text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible). Readings of ancient manuscripts and versions are cited as published scholarly fact with their sources linked above. Nothing on this page declares a winner — the evidence is the point.

Weigh it yourself.

The registry doesn't tell you which reading is true. It puts every witness on one page, shows what a blind committee did with the same language, and leaves the verdict where it belongs — with the reader.